NCLEX Vocabulary, Prefixes, and Suffixes You Need To Know

Victoria Derlin, BS, RN, BSN Nursing and Student Advice, Nursing Content, Test Tips

One of the hardest parts of nursing school can be learning all the medical vocabulary. It can be overwhelming to have to learn so many big intimidating words. Learning how to pronounce them can also be a challenging task but you won’t have to worry about that right now.

During your NCLEX, you may encounter some questions with words in them that you have never heard of or don’t recognize.  Have no fear because we are going to help you. By learning some common vocabulary, prefixes, and suffixes, you can usually figure out what a word means or pertains too. Review the following tables we have put together to help you prepare for the NCLEX.

Quiz yourself on these terms. If you know all of them, that’s great! You are on the path to passing the NCLEX. If you struggle with these, I suggest printing them out or making flashcards to help you study. Learning these vocabulary words, prefixes, and suffixes will help you pass the NCLEX.

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Before we begin, let's review what a prefix and a suffix is,

Prefix: a affix placed at the beginning of a word

Prefix

Example

dis-

Disconnect

over-

Overdue

pre-

Preschool

 

Suffix: an affix placed at the end of a word

Suffix

Example

-ish

Childish

-ful

Spoonful

-ance

Importance

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Tips For Evaluating a Word

Remember these helpful tips when learning a new word or trying to determine the meaning of a medical word,

  • Learning the meanings of root words, suffixes, and prefixes is easier than learning each individual word.
  • When evaluating a new or unknown medical work, look at the suffix first. Most medical terms have suffixes.
  • A prefix is in the front of a word.
  • A suffix is at the end of a word.
  • If you struggle with learning vocabulary, try making flashcards. You can take them wherever you go and review them when you have a few spare minutes.

There are many words that you can determine what they are related to by figuring out what body part they are referring to. Check out the following words to see what you already know and what you don’t. If you don’t know or recognize a term, write it down to review later.

Root Words for Parts of the Body

Root Word

Meaning

Example

Angio or Vaso

Blood vessel

Angioplasty

Branchio

Arm

Brachial

Bucc(o)

Cheek

Buccal

Cardi(o)

Heart

Cardiomyopathy

Carp(o)

Wrist

Carpal Tunnel

Cephal(o)

Head

Cephalic

Crani(o)

Skull

Craniotomy

Cyst(o)

Bladder

Cystoscopy

Encephal(o)

Brain

Encephalitis

Enter(o)

Intestine

Enteritis

Pneum-

Lung

Pneumonia

Hemo

Blood

Hemolytic

Sanguin(o)

Blood

Serosanguinous

Hyster(o)

Uterus

Hysterectomy

Mast(o) or Mamm(o)

Breast

Mastitis, Mammography

Nephr(o), Ren

Kidney

Nephrectomy, Renal

Ophthalm, Ocul(o)

Eye

Ophthalmoscope, Ocular

Ot, Auri, Aud

Ear

Otitis, Auricle, Audiometer

Rhin(o)

Nose

Rhinoplasty

Thorac

Chest

Thoracic

Thromb

Clot

Thrombosis

 

            Next, let’s review suffixes related to surgery. Do you remember what a suffix is? An affix placed at the end of a word. Take a look at these suffixes and their examples related to surgery to see which ones you already know and which ones you need more review on.

 

Suffixes Related to Surgery

 

Suffix

Meaning

Examples

-plasty

Repair

Rhinoplasty

-otomy

Cut into

Craniotomy

-ostomy

Form an opening

Colostomy

-lysis

Destroy

Hemolysis

-ectomy

Removal

Appendectomy

-centesis

Puncture

Thoracentesis

 

            Let’s review suffixes for diseases next. You will learn about many diseases in nursing school but sometimes it may be difficult to recall what you learned about them. By being able to recognize a disease’s suffix you can determine what the disease relates to and possibly be able to jog your memory.

 

Suffixes Related to Diseases

 

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-algia

Pain

Myalgia

-emia

Blood

Anemia

-itis

Inflammation

Appendicitis

-megaly

Enlargement

Splenomegaly

-oma

Tumor

Adenoma

-pathy

Disease

Neuropathy

-penia

Deficiency

Thrombocytopenia

-plegia

Paralysis

Paraplegia

-phasia

Speech

Aphasia

-pnea

Breathing/air

Apnea

-sclerosis

Hardening

Atherosclerosis

-spasm

Contraction

Bronchospasm

-uria

Urine

Dysuria

 

            Next, let’s review suffixes for medical tests. Imaging and testing can be difficult to memorize and easy to mix up if you have never actually seen the testing performed. Use these suffixes to help you clarify what the testing is for.

 

Suffixes For Medical Tests

 

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-gram

Picture

Electrocardiogram

-ology

Study of

Pathology

-phon

Sound

Bronchophony

-scope

Inspect

Laparoscopic

 

            You will probably get at least one or more questions related to positioning . Many positioning terms can easily get confused and mixed up. Review the following prefixes for positioning.

 

Prefixes for Positioning

 

Prefix

Meaning

Example

post-

After

Posterior

super-

Above

Superior

dors(o)-

Back

Dorsal

retro-

Backwards

Retrograde

para-

Beside

Paranasal

sub-

Below

Subcutaneous

re-

Again

Rehydrate

later-

Side

Lateral

medi-

Middle

Mediastinum

inter-

Between

Intercostals

hetero-

Different

Heterogenous

homo-

Same

Homozygous

ad-

Towards

Adduction

ab-

Away From

Abduction

In-

Inside

Inhale

ex-

Out

Exhale

 

            Lastly, let's review medication suffixes. Pharmacology is tough but learning suffixes can help you learn the medication classes and their uses. Review the following common medication suffixes to quiz yourself. Don’t stress if you don’t know all of these, they are tough. Print them out or make flashcards if you need more work on these.

 

Medication Suffixes

 

Suffix

Drug Class

Clinical Use

Example

-artan

ARBs

Hypertension

Losartan

-azepam, -zolam

Benzos

Anxiety

Lorazepam, Midazolam

-azine

Phenothiazines

Antipsychotic

Chlorpromazine

-azole

Azole Antifungals

Antifungal

Ketoconazole

-caine

Local Anesthetic

Anesthesia

Lidocaine

-cillin

Penicillin

Antibiotic

Ampicillin

-cycline

Tetracyclines

Antibiotic

Doxycycline

-etine

SSRI

Depression

Fluoxetine

-floxacin

Fluoroquinolones

Antibiotic

Levofloxacin

-ide

Loop Diuretics

Diuretic

Furosemide

-ipine

Calcium Channel Blockers

Hypertension

Nifedipine

-ipramine

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Depression

Desipramine

-lukast

Receptor Antagonist

Asthma

Montelukast

-navir

Protease Inhibitor

Antiviral

Saquinavir

-olol

Beta Blocker

Hypertension

Propranolol

-oxin

Cardiac Glycoside

Arrhythmias

Digoxin

-phylline

Methylxanthine

Bronchodilator

Theophylline

-pril

ACE Inhibitor

Hypertension

Lisinopril

-statin

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Hyperlipidemia

Simvastatin

-terol

B2 Agonist

Bronchodilator

Albuterol

-tidine

2nd Generation Antihistamine

Allergies

Cimetidine

-triptan

5-HT Agonist

Migraines

Sumatriptan

 

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